IP Routing (CCNA)

1.


Which of the following statements are true regarding the command ip route 172.16.4.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.4.2?
  1. The command is used to establish a static route.
  2. The default administrative distance is used.
  3. The command is used to configure the default route.
  4. The subnet mask for the source address is 255.255.255.0.
A.1 and 2
B.2 and 4
C.3 and 4
D.All of the above
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Although answer D almost seems right, it is not; the mask is the mask used on the remote network, not the source network. Since there is no number at the end of the static route, it is using the default administrative distance of 1.

2. 
Which command displays RIP routing updates?
A.show ip route
B.debug ip rip
C.show protocols
D.debug ip route
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
The debug ip rip command is used to show the Internet Protocol (IP) Routing Information Protocol (RIP) updates being sent and received on the router.

3. 
Which statement is true regarding classless routing protocols?
  1. The use of discontiguous networks is not allowed.
  2. The use of variable length subnet masks is permitted.
  3. RIPv1 is a classless routing protocol.
  4. IGRP supports classless routing within the same autonomous system.
  5. RIPv2 supports classless routing.
A.1, 3 and 5
B.3 and 4
C.2 and 5
D.None of the above
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Classful routing means that all hosts in the internetwork use the same mask. Classless routing means that you can use Variable Length Subnet Masks (VLSMs) and can also support discontiguous networking.

4. 
You have the following routing table. Which of the following networks will not be placed in the neighbor routing table?
R    192.168.30.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.40.1, 00:00:12, Serial0
C    192.168.40.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0
     172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C    172.16.30.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
R    192.168.20.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.40.1, 00:00:12, Serial0
R    10.0.0.0/8 [120/15] via 192.168.40.1, 00:00:07, Serial0
C    192.168.50.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0
A.172.16.30.0
B.192.168.30.0
C.10.0.0.0
D.All of them will be placed in the neighbor routing table.
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
The network 10.0.0.0 cannot be placed in the next router's routing table because it already is at 15 hops. One more hop would make the route 16 hops, and that is not valid in RIP networking.

5. 
What is split horizon?
A.Information about a route should not be sent back in the direction from which the original update came.
B.It splits the traffic when you have a large bus (horizon) physical network.
C.It holds the regular updates from broadcasting to a downed link.
D.It prevents regular update messages from reinstating a route that has gone down.
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
A split horizon will not advertise a route back to the same router it learned the route from.
6. 
What command is used to stop RIP routing updates from exiting out an interface but still allow the interface to receive RIP route updates?
A.Router(config-if)# no routing
B.Router(config-if)# passive-interface
C.Router(config-router)# passive-interface s0
D.Router(config-router)# no routing updates
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
The (config-router)#passive-interface command stops updates from being sent out an interface, but route updates are still received.

7. 
Two connected routers are configured with RIP routing. What will be the result when a router receives a routing update that contains a higher-cost path to a network already in its routing table?
A.The updated information will be added to the existing routing table.
B.The update will be ignored and no further action will occur.
C.The updated information will replace the existing routing table entry.
D.The existing routing table entry will be deleted from the routing table and all routers will exchange routing updates to reach convergence.
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
When a routing update is received by a router, the router first checks the administrative distance (AD) and always chooses the route with the lowest AD. However, if two routes are received and they both have the same AD, then the router will choose the one route with the lowest metrics, or in RIP's case, hop count.

8. 
You type debug ip rip on your router console and see that 172.16.10.0 is being advertised to you with a metric of 16. What does this mean?
A.The route is 16 hops away.
B.The route has a delay of 16 microseconds.
C.The route is inaccessible.
D.The route is queued at 16 messages a second.
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
You cannot have 16 hops on a RIP network by default. If you receive a route advertised with a metric of 16, this means it is inaccessible.

9. 
The Corporate router receives an IP packet with a source IP address of 192.168.214.20 and a destination address of 192.168.22.3. Looking at the output from the Corporate router, what will the router do with this packet?
Corp#sh ip route
[output cut]
R    192.168.215.0 [120/2] via 192.168.20.2, 00:00:23, Serial0/0
R    192.168.115.0 [120/1] via 192.168.20.2, 00:00:23, Serial0/0
R    192.168.30.0 [120/1] via 192.168.20.2, 00:00:23, Serial0/0
C    192.168.20.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0
C    192.168.214.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
A.The packet will be discarded.
B.The packet will be routed out the S0/0 interface.
C.The router will broadcast looking for the destination.
D.The packet will be routed out the Fa0/0 interface.
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Since the routing table shows no route to the 192.168.22.0 network, the router will discard the packet and send an ICMP destination unreachable message out interface FastEthernet 0/0, which is the source LAN where the packet originated from.

10. 
If your routing table has a static, a RIP, and an IGRP route to the same network, which route will be used to route packets by default?
A.Any available route
B.RIP route
C.Static route
D.IGRP route
E.They will all load-balance.
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Static routes have an administrative distance of 1 by default. Unless you change this, a static route will always be used over any other found route. IGRP has an administrative distance of 100, and RIP has an administrative distance of 120, by default.
11. 
What is route poisoning?
A.It sends back the protocol received from a router as a poison pill, which stops the regular updates.
B.It is information received from a router that can't be sent back to the originating router.
C.It prevents regular update messages from reinstating a route that has just come up.
D.It describes when a router sets the metric for a downed link to infinity.
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Another way to avoid problems caused by inconsistent updates and to stop network loops is route poisoning. When a network goes down, the distance-vector routing protocol initiates route poisoning by advertising the network with a metric of 16, or unreachable (sometimes referred to as infinite).

12. 
Which of the following is true regarding RIPv2?
A.It has a lower administrative distance than RIPv1.
B.It converges faster than RIPv1.
C.It has the same timers as RIPv1.
D.It is harder to configure than RIPv1.
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
RIPv2 is pretty much just like RIPv1. It has the same administrative distance and timers and is configured just like RIPv1.

13. 
A network administrator views the output from the show ip route command. A network that is advertised by both RIP and IGRP appears in the routing table flagged as an IGRP route. Why is the RIP route to this network not used in the routing table?
A.IGRP has a faster update timer.
B.IGRP has a lower administrative distance.
C.RIP has a higher metric value for that route.
D.The IGRP route has fewer hops.
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
RIP has an administrative distance (AD) of 120, while IGRP has an administrative distance of 100, so the router will discard any route with a higher AD than 100.

14. 
What does RIPv2 use to prevent routing loops?
  1. CIDR
  2. Split horizon
  3. Authentication
  4. Classless masking
  5. Holddown timers
A.1 and 3
B.2, 3 and 5
C.2 and 5
D.3 and 4
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
RIPv2 uses the same timers and loop-avoidance schemes as RIPv1. Split horizon is used to stop an update from being sent out the same interface it was received on. Holddown timers allow time for a network to become stable in the case of a flapping link.

15. 
Which two of the following are true regarding the distance-vector and link-state routing protocols?
  1. Link state sends its complete routing table out all active interfaces on periodic time intervals.
  2. Distance vector sends its complete routing table out all active interfaces on periodic time intervals.
  3. Link state sends updates containing the state of its own links to all routers in the internetwork.
  4. Distance vector sends updates containing the state of its own links to all routers in the internetwork.
A.1 only
B.3 only
C.2 and 3 only
D.None of the above
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
The distance-vector routing protocol sends its complete routing table out all active interfaces at periodic time intervals. Link-state routing protocols send updates containing the state of its own links to all routers in the internetwork
16. 
IGRP uses which of the following as default parameters for finding the best path to a remote network?
  1. Hop count
  2. MTU
  3. Cumulative interface delay
  4. STP
  5. Path bandwidth value
A.1 and 3
B.3 and 5
C.2, 3 and 5
D.All of the above
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
IGRP uses bandwidth and delay of the line, by default, to determine the best path to a remote network. Delay of the line can sometimes be called the cumulative interface delay.

17. 
Network 206.143.5.0 was assigned to the Acme Company to connect to its ISP. The administrator of Acme would like to configure one router with the commands to access the Internet. Which commands could be configured on the Gateway router to allow Internet access to the entire network?
  1. Gateway(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 206.143.5.2
  2. Gateway(config)# router rip
  3. Gateway(config-router)# network 206.143.5.0
  4. Gateway(config-router)# network 206.143.5.0 default
A.1 only
B.3 only
C.1, 2 and 4
D.1 and 4
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
There are actually three different ways to configure the same default route, but only two are shown in the answer. First, you can set a default route with the 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0mask and then specify the next hop, as in option A. Or you can use 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0and use the exit interface instead of the next hop. Finally, you can use option D with theip default-network command.

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ចៀសវាង ៧ចំណុចនេះពេលកក់សក់ បើមិនចង់អោយសក់ខូច

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សក់ស្រស់ស្អាត, ភ្លឺរលោង និងគ្មានអង្គែលើស្បែកក្បាល គឺជាអ្វីដែលមនុស្សគ្រប់រូបប្រាថ្នាចង់បាន។ ប៉ុន្តែជារៀងរាល់ថ្ងៃស្ត្រីគ្រប់រូបតែងតែធ្វើឲ្យសក់ខូចដោយមិនដឹងខ្លួន ក៏ព្រោះតែការកក់សក់មិនបានត្រឹមត្រូវ, ការសម្ងួតសក់ និងការធ្វើម៉ូដសក់ជាដើម។ ដូច្នេះដើម្បីជៀសវាង បញ្ហាទាំងនេះ សូមចៀសវាងទង្វើមួយចំនួនដូចខាងក្រោម: ១. កុំកក់សក់ញឹកពេក កុំព្យាយាមប្រើសាប៊ូកក់សក់ញឹកញាប់ពេក ព្រោះវាអាចបណ្តោលឲ្យស្ងួតស្បែកក្បាល។ ២. ពេលកក់សក់កុំទុកយូរពេក នៅពេលដែលកក់សក់កុំទុកសាប៊ូនៅលើក្បាលយូរពេក បើទោះបីជាអ្នកកក់សក់យូរៗម្តង ឬញឹកញាប់ក៏ដោយ។ ៣. កុំអេះខ្លាំងពេក ដើម្បីបង្កាការបាក់ និងជ្រុះសក់ សូមប្រើដៃអេះថ្នមៗនៅពេលកក់សក់។ ៤. មិនត្រូវប្តូរប្រភេទសាប៊ូញឹកញាប់ទេ ការប្រើសាប៊ូតែមួយប្រភេទត្រូវបានផ្តល់អនុសាសន៍ ប្រសើរជាងការផ្លាស់ប្តូរសាប៊ូថ្មីរៀងរាល់ខែ។ ៥. មិនត្រូវលាងសម្អាតដោយប្រើទឹកដែលមានសីតុណ្ហភាពខ្ពស់ សូមកុំព្យាយាមប្រើទឹកដែលមានសីតុណ្ហភាពខ្ពស់ពេក អ្នកត្រូវប្រើទឹកក្តៅឧណ្ឌៗ ឬទឹកត្រជាក់នៅពេលដែលលាងសម្អាត ដើម្បីកុំឲ្យប៉ះពាល់ដល់ស្បែកក្បាល។ ៦. កុំត្រដុសនៅពេលសក់សើម ចៀសវាងការត្រដុស នៅពេលដែលសក់របស់អ្នកកំពុងតែសើម ព្រោះពេលនេះសក់ងាយនឹងផុយ ហើយឆាប់បាក់។ ៧.
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